dak̂ru-

    dak̂ru-

    English meaning: tears

    Deutsche Übersetzung: “Träne”

    Grammatical information: n.

    Material: Gk. δάκρυ, δάκρυον, δάκρυμα “tears”; out of it borrows altLat. dacruma, Lat. lacruma, lacrima ds. (with sabin. l?);

    Note: Common Lat. dh- > ll-, d- > l- phonetic mutatIon. Maybe Alb. (*lac-) lag “ to moist, damp, wet “ [taboo word as in Alb. lagen sytë “cry silently”] : O.Bret. dacr-(lon) “ moist, damp, wet “ Also Alb. (*lok-) lot “tear” [common Alb. -k > -th, -t phonetic mutation similar to Alb. (*mag-) math “big”. O.Ir. dēr n., Welsh deigr (could go back to pl. *dakrī the o-Decl.), pl. dagrau, O.Bret. dacr- (lon) “ moist, damp, wet “, Corn. dagr “tears” (Island-Celtic *dakrom ‘see, look” Thurneysen KZ. 48, 66 f); Gmc. *táhr- and tagr- : Goth. tagr n. “tears”, O.N. tür n. (from*tahr-), O.E. tæhher, tear, teagor m., O.H.G. zahar m. (Ger. Zähre from dem pl.; whether in Gmc. still from old u-stem or it has changed out of it? o-stem has gone out, is doubtful). IE *dak̂ru is probably from *drak̂ru dissimilated because of O.H.G. trahan, O.S. pl. trahni “tears”, M.L.G. trün ds. and “( from fat of squeezed out drops through cooking:) fish oil”, M.H.G. traher ds. (-er probably after zaher has changed) and Arm. artasuk “ tears “, sg. artausr from *drak̂ur. On the other hand one searches connection with O.Ind. áśru, aśra-m “tears”, Av. asrūazan- “ pouring tears “, Lith. ašarà , ãšara “tears”, Ltv. asara ds.; probably sheer rhyme word, so *ak̂ro- “ acer, sharp, bitter “ as epithet of the tears (“bitter tears “) partially used in place of dak̂ru, whereby it took over its u-inflection? compare also Mũhlenbach-Endzelin I 142 f.

    Note: From early Italic, Illyrian people the cognate for tears passed to Altaic languages: Protoform: *lī́ gà ( ˜ *ĺ-)

    English meaning: to weep, cry Turkic protoform: *jɨ̄g-(la-) Tungus protoform: *ligi-

    References: WP. I 769, WH. I 746 f.

    See also: see above S. 23 under ak̂ru.